Informatization in network
Some consider it to be of the "third information technology wave" after the Internet and the Web, and will be the backbone of the next generation of services and applications that are going to continue the research and development of GIS and related areas.
Informatization in network allows sharing processing power, enabling the achievement of high-performance computing, administration and services. Informatization in network (unlike the conventional supercomputer that parallel computing by linking multiple processors in a system bus) uses a network of computers to run a program. The problem of using multiple computers lies in the difficulty of dividing tasks between computers, without having to refer to parts of the code running on other CPUs.
Parallel processing
Parallel processing is the use of multiple CPU to run different sections of a program together. Remote sensing and surveying equipment have been providing large amounts of spatial information and how to manage, process or dispose of data have become important issues in the field of geographic information (GIS) science.
To solve these problems, it has been much research in the area of parallel processing of geographical information. This implies the use of a single computer with multiple processors or multiple computers that are connected to a network in the same task. There are many different types of distributed computing, two of the most common are clustering and grid processing.
They are the main reasons for the use of parallel computing:
It saves time.
Solve the biggest problems.
Provide concurrency (do several things at the same time).
Taking advantage of non-local resources - using computational resources in a wide area network or even the Internet when local resources are scarce.
Cost savings - using multiple cheap computing resources rather than pay for time of a supercomputer.
Overcoming the limitations of memory - individual computers have very finite memory resources. For large problems, using the memories of several teams you can overcome this obstacle.
Limits of the computer serial - physical and practical reasons pose significant constraints to simply build increasingly rapid series teams.
Limits of miniaturization - processor technology is allowing that to an increasing number of transistors to be placed in a chip.
However, even with molecular components or atomic level, a limit will be reached on how small components can be.
Economic constraints - is becoming increasingly more expensive than a processor faster. Using moderately fast commodity processors more to achieve the same (or better) performance is less expensive.
The future: during the past 10 years, trends indicate through increasingly faster networks, distributed systems, and (even at the desktop) multiprocessor architectures clearly show that parallelism is the future of computing.
Distributed GIS
As the development of the GIS Sciences and technologies go, increasingly more amount of non-spatial data and geospatial participate in GISs due to the most diverse data sources and the development of data collection technologies. GIS data tend to be distributed geographically and logically as well as functions of GIS and make services. Spatial analysis and Geocomputation are becoming increasingly complex and computationally intensive. Exchange and collaboration among geographically dispersed users with diverse disciplines with different purposes are becoming increasingly necessary and common. A dynamic model of collaboration "Middleware" is necessary for the implementation of GIS.
Computational grid is presented as a possible solution for the next generation of GIS. Basically, the concept of Grid computing is intended to allow coordination of shared resources and problem-solving in dynamic virtual organisations, multi-organizational linking resources with high performance networks. The informatization in network technology represents a new collaborative approaches to computing and data intensive and computationally intensive environment troubleshooting and have the opportunity to meet all the needs of distributed, high-performance and collaborative GIS. Some of the methods and Grid computing technologies as solutions of requirements and challenges are introduced to activate this distributed, parallel and high performance GIS application, collaboration.
Security
Security problems in such a wide area distributed GIS is criticism, which includes authentication and authorization by means of Community policies, as well as allowing local control of resources. Grid security infrastructure (GSI), combined with GridFTP Protocol, ensures that share and transfer of geoprocessing and geospatial data are safe in the computational Grid environment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, informatization in network has the opportunity to lead GIS in a new era of "enabled on grid GIS" in terms of computing paradigm, the pattern of shared use of resources and online collaboration.
By Zahid Imran Ahmed
The author is Mr. IT Manager of Stesalit Inc.
Visit: http://www.stesalit-inc.com/userexperience.html
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